Abstract
The use of the cochlear implants have helped deaf children to improve their language abilities (Geers, & Tobey, 1995. Miyamoto, Kirk, Robbins, Todd, & Riley, 1996. Peng, Spencer, & Tomblin, 2004. Serry & Blarney, 1999. Svirsky & Chin, 2000. Tobey & Geers, 1995. Tobey, Geers, Brenner, Tye-Murray, & Kirk, 1993). Although the benefits of the cochlear implantation are many, cochlear implanted children, still face difficulties in acquiring new words (Geers, & Tobey, 1995: Miyamoto, Kirk, Robbins, Todd, & Riley, 1996. Peng, Spencer, & Tomblin, 2004. Serry & Blarney, 1999: Svirsky & Chin, 2000. Tobey & Geers, 1995. Tobey, Geers, Brenner, Tye-Murray, & Kirk, 1993). In addition, in children with cochlear implants, persistent difficulties have been reported in articulation and phonology (Chin, 2002. Chin, 2003) and in word stress (Most & Peled, 2007). According to word learning theories, phonological and lexical characteristics of the words interact at the word learning process (Hollich, Jusc ...
The use of the cochlear implants have helped deaf children to improve their language abilities (Geers, & Tobey, 1995. Miyamoto, Kirk, Robbins, Todd, & Riley, 1996. Peng, Spencer, & Tomblin, 2004. Serry & Blarney, 1999. Svirsky & Chin, 2000. Tobey & Geers, 1995. Tobey, Geers, Brenner, Tye-Murray, & Kirk, 1993). Although the benefits of the cochlear implantation are many, cochlear implanted children, still face difficulties in acquiring new words (Geers, & Tobey, 1995: Miyamoto, Kirk, Robbins, Todd, & Riley, 1996. Peng, Spencer, & Tomblin, 2004. Serry & Blarney, 1999: Svirsky & Chin, 2000. Tobey & Geers, 1995. Tobey, Geers, Brenner, Tye-Murray, & Kirk, 1993). In addition, in children with cochlear implants, persistent difficulties have been reported in articulation and phonology (Chin, 2002. Chin, 2003) and in word stress (Most & Peled, 2007). According to word learning theories, phonological and lexical characteristics of the words interact at the word learning process (Hollich, Jusczyk, & Luce, 2002. Storkel, 2001, 2003, 2004a, 2009. Storkel & Lee, 2011). Characteristics of the words such as phonotactic probability, word length and neighborhood density have an impact on word production and on word learning. The difficulties of children with cochlear implants in vocabulary, phonology and word stress led us to study the effect of the follow three word characteristics, phonotactic probability, word length and word stress, on word learning in children with cochlear implants (CI). The sample of the study consisted of 44 children, 22 children with cochlear implants and 22 typically developing children. Five screening tests were administered to test non-verbal intelligence, articulation, receptive vocabulary, phonological memory and verbal memory. The experimental process, which tested the effect of the three characteristics of the words on word learning, consisted of two tests, presented to children in the form of a computer game. Children have to learn and produce 32 non-words. CI children performed lower than NH children in all screening tests. In learning new words, phonotactic probability and word length did not appear to affect the learning of the new words both in NH and in CI children. However, CI children performed lower than NH children in the learning of trochaic and iambic words.At the production tasks, NH children performed better than CI children at the production of the new words. Phonotactic probability and word stress, did not appear to influence the productions of the new words in NH children. As far as the word length is concerned, young NH children produced better 2-syllable than 3-syllable words.In the CI group, the above factors, appeared to affect the productions. Young CI children produced better the words of high than the words of low probability. Better also were the productions of the 2-syllable than of the 3-syllable words in the CI group. The word stress pattern also, had an impact on the production of the new words in CI children. CI children, produced better the iambic than the trochaic words. They also produced better the vowels of the iambic than the vowels of the trochaic words. However, despite the better productions of the iambic words, children with CI, had difficulties at the production of the iambic stress pattern. Further research is needed to determine the effect of word stress pattern on word production and also the relation between perception and production in the process of word learning in Greek CI children.
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