Χαρτογραφική γενίκευση φυσικών γραμμικών χωρικών οντοτήτων με δεσμεύσεις ευαναγνωσιμότητας
Περίληψη
Η διατριβή εστιάζει στο ερευνητικό πεδίο της γενίκευσης ψηφιακών χαρτογραφικών γραμμών εισάγοντας μια ολοκληρωμένη μεθοδολογία γενίκευσης φυσικών γραμμικών οντοτήτων. Πραγματεύεται δύο βασικές έννοιες που απασχολούν την χαρτογραφική κοινότητα στο εν λόγω πεδίο: 1. τη γενίκευση γραμμικών οντοτήτων με ‘οδηγό’ το εννοιολογικό πλαίσιο ‘κατάτμηση - χαρακτηρισμός - γενίκευση’ και 2. τον εντοπισμό κρίσιμων σημείων κατά μήκος χαρτογραφικών γραμμών.Η διατριβή αναπτύσσεται σε τρία επίπεδα. Αρχικά, γίνεται μία ανασκόπηση μελετών που έχουν πραγματοποιηθεί γύρω από το αντικείμενο. Συγκεκριμένα, παρουσιάζεται η έννοια της γενίκευσης γραμμικών οντοτήτων και καταγράφονται και αναλύονται οι σύγχρονες ερευνητικές τάσεις στο αντικείμενο της χαρτογραφικής γενίκευσης. Εισάγεται η έννοια των κρίσιμων σημείων και αναδεικνύεται η σημασία αυτών στη διαδικασία της γενίκευσης. Στη συνέχεια γίνεται αναφορά στις μεθόδους που ακολουθήθηκαν για την αυτοματοποίηση σε ψηφιακό περιβάλλον, αρχικά, μέσω των αλγορίθμων α ...
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Περίληψη σε άλλη γλώσσα
This thesis focuses on the research field of digital cartographic line generalization, by introducing a comprehensive method for generalizing natural linear entities. It addresses two key concepts of concern of the cartographic community in this field: 1. the generalization of linear entities 'guided' by the conceptual framework 'segmentation - characterization - generalization' and 2. the detection of critical points along cartographic lines.The thesis is developed at three levels: Firstly, a review of studies around this subject, which have been carried out, is presented. In particular, the concept of generalization of linear entities is introduced and current research trends in the field of cartographic generalization are listed and analyzed. The concept of critical points is introduced and their importance in the generalization process is highlighted. Then, there are presented the methods followed for automation in a digital environment, initially through simplification algorithms. ...
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Όλα τα τεκμήρια στο ΕΑΔΔ προστατεύονται από πνευματικά δικαιώματα.
bibliography, the inadequacies of simplification algorithms lead researchers to look for new methods of generalizing cartographic lines. One of the innovative ideas being investigated is the identification of homogeneous lines or homogeneous segments along the lines, their classification according to qualitative and quantitative criteria, and their generalization via the relevant operators as appropriate.At the second level, two methodologies, that address the above defined questions are presented. Their structure and evaluation are developed in the main part of the dissertation. The first of these methodologies, aims to create a model of digital lines generalization, which is based on the conceptual framework 'segmentation-classification-generalization'. More specifically, a specific method has been designed, according to which each line is divided into homogeneous segments. The criteria for segmentation is the legibility of the lines, which is defined based on cartographic rules according to visual perception. Then, specific parameters of classification of the linear entity’s divided segments are introduced (the so called ε-segments) and four categories of segments (sections) are defined for classification, based on their shape and geometry. At the same time, quantitative metrics have been identified and calculated in order to define them. The generalisation of the line is completed by applying appropriate generalisation operators (merging, simplification, enlargement, etc.) to each part, depending on the section to which it belongs and its quantitative characteristics. For each segment generalization operators (enlargement, simplification, expansion, smoothing etc.) that are considered necessary for their generalization are proposed and their implementation algorithms are designed. The individual line processing operations are coded, interconnected and been integrated in an appropriate software environment so as to create a unified platform which will implement the techniques. The design of the method is carried out based on its implementation to lines representing physical entities, which, due to their complexity and randomness, are of particular research interest.The second method suggests a way of detecting the critical points of cartographic lines. The method is based on geometric principles and uses the length ratio index LR as a metric to estimate the slope change along a digital line. The LR index is applied, locally, to each point on the line and is structured in such a way that its value increases according to the change in slope of the line. The local examination is ensured by cutting the line through a circle of constant radius around each point of the line. The peaks of the line at which the index values show local maximum greater than a predetermined threshold are considered as critical points. In this document the structure of the LR indicator is analyzed and its operating parameters are defined. At the third level, a case study is carried out in order to test the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies. The critical points detection method is initially applied to four lines (three geomorphological and one geometrical), selected from two relevant studies, in order to be tested and evaluated from previously known critical points. The method is then piloted on the 1:50,000 scale coastline of the island of Peristera and the results are analysed. Finally, the LR index is used to compare the results of the implementation in five successive generalization scenarios of two line simplification algorithms ('pointremove' and 'bendsimplify' of ArcGIS software). The 'segmentation-classification-generalization' method is applied to the coastline of the island of Peristera at a scale of 1:50,000, for two generalisation scenarios with derived scales of 1:500,000 and 1:1,000,000. The objective is to evaluate both the individual processes and the final outcome resulting from the implementation of the technique to a random line of random shape and geometry and the scenarios of large scale change. The results are evaluated based on the predefined rules, but they are also compared with a) the results deriving from the implementation of two algorithms for line simplification ('pointremove' and 'bendsimplify') and b) the digitalization of analogue lines of GIS topographic maps at the respective scales.
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ND | 53567 |
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Εναλλακτικός τίτλος | Cartographic generalization of natural occurring lines with legibility constraints |
Συγγραφέας | Μητρόπουλος, Βασίλειος (Πατρώνυμο: Χαρίλαος) |
Ημερομηνία | 2023 |
Ίδρυμα | Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Σχολή Αγρονόμων και Τοπογράφων Μηχανικών - Μηχανικών Γεωπληροφορικής. Τομέας Τοπογραφίας. Εργαστήριο Χαρτογραφίας |
Εξεταστική επιτροπή | Νάκος Βύρων Βεσκούκης Βασίλειος Φιλιππακοπούλου Βασιλική Κάβουρας Μαρίνος Μπούτουρα Χρυσούλα Σκοπελίτη Ανδριανή Κρασανάκης Βασίλειος |
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Όλα τα τεκμήρια στο ΕΑΔΔ προστατεύονται από πνευματικά δικαιώματα.
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