Περίληψη
Στην παρούσα διατριβή, παρουσιάζεται η διερεύνηση ύπαρξης φαινομένων Φυσικής πέραν του Καθιερωμένου Προτύπου (ΚΠ) κυρίως σε σπάνιες διασπάσεις των φορτισμένων μεσονίων Β. Τα δεδομένα που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν συλλέχθηκαν το 2018 με τον ανιχνευτή CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid), σε συγκρούσεις πρωτονίων με ενέργεια κέντρου μάζας 13 TeV. Στο ΚΠ οι διασπάσεις Β±→ ℓ+ℓ–Κ± (όπου ℓ=m,e) απαγορεύονται σε πρώτη τάξη, αφού αντιστοιχούν σε ουδέτερα ρεύματα που αλλάζουν την λεπτονική γεύση (Flavour Changing Neutral Currents), ενώ επιτρέπονται μέσω κβαντικών διορθώσεων, γεγονός που τις καθιστά εξαιρετικά σπάνιες, με ρυθμό διάσπασης Ο(10-7). Στη συγκεκριμένη ανάλυση, με στόχο τη μείωση των συστηματικών αβεβαιοτήτων στη θεωρία, μετράται το κλάσμα των ρυθμών διάσπασης Β±→ m+m–Κ± και Β±→ e+e–Κ± αντί των απόλυτων ρυθμών. Επιπλέον, για την περαιτέρω μείωση των πειραματικών συστηματικών αβεβαιοτήτων, ο αριθμητής και ο παρονομαστής διαιρούνται με τον ρυθμό διάσπασης της διαδικασίας Β→J/ψΚ ακολουθούμενης από J/ψ→ ℓ ...
Όλα τα τεκμήρια στο ΕΑΔΔ προστατεύονται από πνευματικά δικαιώματα.
The current thesis presents a search for phenomena beyond the Standard Model (SM) of Physics, focusing mainly on decays of charged B mesons. Events used in this study, were collected with the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment during the 2018 data taking period of proton - proton collisions at energy of 13 TeV in center of mass. In the SM, the decay Β±→ ℓ+ℓ–Κ± (where ℓ =m,e) does not occur at tree level, as it is a Flavour Changing Neutral Current (FCNC) process, but through quantum corrections, and are thus very rare, with a branching fraction of O(10-7). In this analysis, to reduce theoretical uncertainties, the ratio of the branching fractions for Β±→ m+m–Κ± and Β±→ e+e–Κ± is measured. Furthermore, in order to reduce the impact of experimental systematic uncertainties, both numerator and denominator are divided by the branching fraction of Β→J/ψΚ followed by the decay J/ψ→ ℓ+ℓ–; this double ratio is known in the literature as RK. Measuring processes with such small a branching ...
The current thesis presents a search for phenomena beyond the Standard Model (SM) of Physics, focusing mainly on decays of charged B mesons. Events used in this study, were collected with the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment during the 2018 data taking period of proton - proton collisions at energy of 13 TeV in center of mass. In the SM, the decay Β±→ ℓ+ℓ–Κ± (where ℓ =m,e) does not occur at tree level, as it is a Flavour Changing Neutral Current (FCNC) process, but through quantum corrections, and are thus very rare, with a branching fraction of O(10-7). In this analysis, to reduce theoretical uncertainties, the ratio of the branching fractions for Β±→ m+m–Κ± and Β±→ e+e–Κ± is measured. Furthermore, in order to reduce the impact of experimental systematic uncertainties, both numerator and denominator are divided by the branching fraction of Β→J/ψΚ followed by the decay J/ψ→ ℓ+ℓ–; this double ratio is known in the literature as RK. Measuring processes with such small a branching fraction requires the collection of a very large data sample (of the order of 1010) which is impossible using the standard methods of triggering and data acquisition without saturating the triggering bandwidth of CMS. For this reason, a special procedure of triggering that managed to collect events at a nearly constant rate of 2 kHz was developed. The events collected were stored until the computing power needed for their reconstruction would become available, which happened during Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC. This particular technique is now known as “Β Parking” due to the fact that the events are stored for a long period of time, and is the first time that is implemented for sample of this magnitude: a total of 1.2⨯1010 events were collected, surpassing the initial goal by 20%. From this analysis two results can be derived: first and foremost the measurement of RK with limited statistical precision, and secondly the most precise measurement of the branching fraction to Β±→ m+m–Κ±. The thesis also presents a new algorithm for electron reconstruction, developed specifically for RK. Moreover, a second Physics analysis is described in the thesis, that targets signatures of two soft leptons with moderate missing transverse momentum, which is favored in Supersymmetric models with small mass splitting. The latter analysis was performed in 2017 and 2018, using events collected during 2016 data. It was the first analysis to probe this kinematic space, which is of particular interest in searches for Supersymmetry.
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