Η επίδραση των υδατικών συνθηκών στη φυσιολογία και την ανατομία της αμπέλου καθώς και στα ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά της ράγας, μελετήθηκαν για τρία συνεχόμενα έτη (2012-2013-2014) σε αμπελώνα στη Βόρεια Ελλάδα, για τις ποικιλίες Ξινόμαυρο, Αγιωργίτικο, Grenache noir και Syrah (Vitis vinifera L.). Εφαρμόστηκαν τρία επίπεδα άρδευσης (πλήρης αναπλήρωση των απωλειών μέσω της εξατμισοδιαπνοής της καλλιέργειας, μερική αναπλήρωση μέσω των απωλειών της εξατμισοδιαπνοής της καλλιέργειας και απουσία άρδευσης) από το στάδιο του περκασμού έως και τον τρυγητό, σε πλήρως τυχαιοποιημένο παραγοντικό σχέδιο. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν μετρήσεις του υδατικού δυναμικού και της ανταλλαγής αερίων, σε εβδομαδιαία βάση. Επίσης προσδιορίστηκε η φυσική αφθονία των σταθερών ισοτόπων του άνθρακα καθώς και οι μορφολογικές και ανατομικές προσαρμογές των στοματίων των φύλλων και των αγγείων των βλαστών των τεσσάρων ποικιλιών της μελέτης. Τέλος παρακολουθήθηκε η εξέλιξη των χημικών χαρακτηριστικών των σταφυλιών με έμφαση στις ...
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Η επίδραση των υδατικών συνθηκών στη φυσιολογία και
Όλα τα τεκμήρια στο ΕΑΔΔ προστατεύονται από πνευματικά δικαιThe influence of water availability on physiology and anatomy of the grapevine as well as on the qualitative characteristics of the berries were studied for three consecutive years (2012-2013-2014) in a vineyard in northern Greece for varieties Xinomavro, Agiorgitiko, Grenache noir and Syrah (Vitis vinifera L.). Three levels of irrigation (complete replenishment of crop evapotranspiration losses, partial replenishment through crop evapotranspiration losses and absence of irrigation) were applied from the stage of veraison to harvested in a completely randomized factorial design. Water potential and gas exchange measurements were performed on a weekly basis. The natural abundance of the stable carbon isotopes as well as the morphological and anatomical adaptations of leaves stomata and stem vessels for all varieties of the study were also determined. Finally, the evolution of the chemical characteristics of berries were observed, with an emphasis on phenolic substances. Among the three ...
The influence of water availability on physiology and anatomy of the grapevine as well as on the qualitative characteristics of the berries were studied for three consecutive years (2012-2013-2014) in a vineyard in northern Greece for varieties Xinomavro, Agiorgitiko, Grenache noir and Syrah (Vitis vinifera L.). Three levels of irrigation (complete replenishment of crop evapotranspiration losses, partial replenishment through crop evapotranspiration losses and absence of irrigation) were applied from the stage of veraison to harvested in a completely randomized factorial design. Water potential and gas exchange measurements were performed on a weekly basis. The natural abundance of the stable carbon isotopes as well as the morphological and anatomical adaptations of leaves stomata and stem vessels for all varieties of the study were also determined. Finally, the evolution of the chemical characteristics of berries were observed, with an emphasis on phenolic substances. Among the three measurements of water potential, stem water potential most accurately reflected water status for all varieties, among which Grenache noir (and laterally Xinomavro) appeared to be differentiated from Syrah and Agiorgitiko, exhibiting a greater sensitivity of the stomata mechanism to water conditions. Gas exchanges were significantly influenced by water availability with lower values corresponding to non-irrigation treatments while increasing water use efficiency was observed as water deficit progressed. Leaves and canes of non-irrigated plants appeared to be more enriched in stable carbon isotopes, indicating that this measurement is able to provide important information on the water status of the plants, as the differences observed in the degree of their enrichment are due to different performance of the photosynthetic mechanism, without excluding the effect of metabolic processes that occur at different stages of plant development. Regarding the morphological and anatomical changes in leaves and canes, it was found that for varieties Xinomavro and Grenache noir, water deficit led to an increase in density and a decrease in leaf stomata dimensions, whereas the opposite was observed for Syrah. For Agiorgitiko no significant changes were observed. More consistent were the effects concerning the number and size of woody vessels under the influence of water deficit, with more but smaller vessels in all varieties. Among varieties, Xinomavro and Grenache noir exhibited larger vessels. The anthocyanin composition of berry skin was positively affected under water deficit conditions in all varieties, but the relative proportions of individual anthocyanin forms varied according to variety. Thus, for Xinomavro water deficit led to the synthesis of more stable forms of anthocyanins, whereas in Agiorgitiko the opposite was observed. Concentrations of tannins in skins and seeds do not appear to be significantly affected by water conditions after veraison.
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