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The aim of the present PhD thesis is the optimization of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of similar and dissimilar aluminum alloys, which have applications in aeronautics and shipbuilding industry and then the study of microstructure and mechanical properties of the optimum friction stir welds. The aluminum alloys to be welded are the following: For the similar welds: AA5083-H111, AA6082-T6, AA7075-T651 For the dissimilar welds: AA5083-H111 and ΑΑ6082-Τ6, ΑΑ6082-Τ6 and AA7075-T651This PhD thesis initially focuses on the effect of the following welding parameters: geometry of the welding tool (pin), tool’s tilt angle, welding speed and rotational speed. At first stage, preliminary friction stir welds were made to define the optimum welding tool and its tilt angle. It was concluded that the best welding quality came from the application of tilt angle of 2o and the welding tool with left threaded cylindrical pin. The main advantage of this pin was the very good material mixing and the uniform ...
The aim of the present PhD thesis is the optimization of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of similar and dissimilar aluminum alloys, which have applications in aeronautics and shipbuilding industry and then the study of microstructure and mechanical properties of the optimum friction stir welds. The aluminum alloys to be welded are the following: For the similar welds: AA5083-H111, AA6082-T6, AA7075-T651 For the dissimilar welds: AA5083-H111 and ΑΑ6082-Τ6, ΑΑ6082-Τ6 and AA7075-T651This PhD thesis initially focuses on the effect of the following welding parameters: geometry of the welding tool (pin), tool’s tilt angle, welding speed and rotational speed. At first stage, preliminary friction stir welds were made to define the optimum welding tool and its tilt angle. It was concluded that the best welding quality came from the application of tilt angle of 2o and the welding tool with left threaded cylindrical pin. The main advantage of this pin was the very good material mixing and the uniform, through the thickness, material flow in the weld nugget.After the first stage, the effect of welding and rotational speed was studied using the welding tool with left threaded cylindrical pin and the tool’s tilt angle of 2o. The effect of welding and rotational speed was initially investigated on the absence of defects and then on both width and grain size of the weld nugget. The criteria of width and grain size of the weld nugget were chosen, because the properties of this welding zone significantly determine the strength of the weld.More specific, for each similar and dissimilar weld, the best weld among these which were produced with the same welding speed, was chosen based on the criteria of width and grain size of the weld nugget. The same process was applied for the welds which were produced with the same rotational speed.The best defect-free welds, determined after this process, were compared using the criteria of longitudinal and transverse microhardness dirtribution and where it was required the criterion of tensile properties was applied. Based on this specific process the optimum defect-free welds using the available FSW equipment, were produced for all the studied similar and dissimilar aluminum alloys.The friction stir welds, which were produced with the optimum parameters, were studied in the basis of macrostructure, microstructure, hardness and mechanical properties (tensile). In the case of the dissimilar welds’ microstructure (AA5083-H111 with AA6082-T6 and AA6082-T6 with AA7075-T651), the material mixing in the weld nugget was extensively studied. Considering the materials mixing results, important conclusions were derived in the basis of materials distribution and heterogeneity which is dominant in the weld nugget. Then, the longitudinal and transverse hardness distribution, as well as the mechanical properties were discussed based on microstructural investigation.Moreover, a three-dimensional material flow model was implemented for FSW of AA5083-H111 using ANSYS finite element package. The aim of the model was the determination of the material flow diameter during FSW.In conclusion, partial dynamic recrystallization, a kind of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization, was observed in TMAZ for both similar welds of AA6082-T6 and AA7075-T651. The presence of partial dynamic recrystallization showed the grain size heterogeneity in the thermomechanically affected zone. Furthermore, the study of materials mixing in the weld nugget of dissimilar welds revealed that weld nugget consisted of areas or subareas, some of which have similar chemical composition with the one parent material, some others have similar composition with the other parent material and in the case of dissimilar welding between AA6082-T6 and AA7075-T651 there are also subareas characterized by fully material mixing. The mechanical properties of AA5083-H111 similar weld are comparable with these of the parent material. The welds of AA6082-T6 and of AA7075-T651 presented lower mechanical properties than these of their parent materials due to the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The dissimilar welds between AA5083-H111 and AA6082-T6 presented comparable properties (tensile strength, elongation) with similar weld of AA6082-T6, while dissimilar welds between AA6082-T6 and AA7075-T651 presented lower mechanical properties than the corresponding similar welds, because of dissolution of strengthening precipitates and the heterogeneity of the weld nugget.Finally, regarding numerical simulation, the Bingham model was adjusted such as at the areas where the deformation rate was high, when the shear stresses were higher than the yield stress of the material, the model used low viscosity values. Αt the areas far from the weld, the deformation rate was low and the model used high viscosity to determine the plate as rigid. Based on this consideration, the numerical results for the material flow radius characterized by very low divergence compared with experimental results.
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