In vivo βιολογική αξιολόγηση και φαρμακοκινητική μελέτη με χρήση HPLC-MS-MS του Leuprolide και αναλόγων του που εμπλέκονται στη θεραπεία του καρκίνου

Abstract

The highly influential findings of C. B. Huggins (Huggins, 1963) and A. V. Schally (Schally et al., 1984) brought a new era in the research fields of neuroendocrinology, gynecology and oncology. The knowledge acquired regarding the physiology of LHRH and its role in the pathobiochemistry of the disease resulted in the consideration of medical castration via the LHRH receptor as a well established strategy for the treatment of endocrine disorders (e.g. precocious puberty) and hormone – dependent cancers (breast cancer, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer). Numerous LHRH analogues have been synthesized and evaluated both in the clinic and preclinical level. Overall, systematic work has resulted in the synthesis of LHRH receptor agonists and antagonists, either peptides (linear, cyclic, stapled peptides) or small organic molecules as entities or combined with various cytotoxic molecules (Αnderes et al., 2003; Keramida et al., 2006; Persson et al., 2009; Kritzer, 2010; Mezo and Manea, 2010). Although extensive research has been carried out in the field of hormonal therapy, poor pharmacokinetic properties still characterize LHRH peptide analogues. Poor stability of LHRH analogues compromises efficacy, while the need for their subcutaneous administration (depot formulations) aggravates the quality of life for cancer patients. Nowadays, LHRH analogues in the clinic most likely achieve the desired pharmacologic effects by action primarily on the pituitary and to a much lesser extent by direct antiproliferative effects on tumor cells. Herein, we hypothesize that stable analogues of such super – agonists would be advantageous, either by allowing a reduction in dosing frequency or by allowing the use of analogues that act directly on the tumor, with possible additive effects and subsequent enhancements in efficacy. In this context, the pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic profiles of novel LHRH analogues were determined both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, commercially available LHRH analogues (leuprolide, antide, cetrorelix) served as positive controls. [...]