Μελέτη πρωτεϊνών βιοϊατρικού - θεραπευτικού ενδιαφέροντος: μελέτη της αλληλεπίδρασης των πρωτεϊνών HLA-DR και -DO στη δημιουργία συμπλόκου προς διαφυγή της ανοσολογικής επαγρύπνησης σε λευχαιμικά κύτταρα
Περίληψη
Η αντιγονοπαρουσίαση, που αποτελεί κλειδί στη σωστή λειτουργία του ανοσολογικού συστήματος, είναι μια αυστηρά ελεγχόμενη διαδικασία και ρυθμίζεται απ
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Antigen presentation, a key event in the functioning of the immune system, is a well-controlled process, regulated by a number of independent factors. Among these factors the most important are the class I and II antigens of Major Histocompatibility Complex the presence of which ensures the proper antigen loading. Loss of expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) on tumor cells alters the onset and modulation of immune response through lack of activation on CD4+ lymphocytes. Most leukemia cells use such mechanism to escape immune surveillance. Moreover, in patients with leukemia or lymphoma the expression of HLA-class II molecules correlate with better survival. Here, K562 and HL-60 leukemia cells were examined as to intracellular HLA-DR,- DM,-DO and CD74 expression, if any. Cytoplasmic immunofluorescence of K562 was performed and the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The protein profile was also confirmed at molecular le ...
Antigen presentation, a key event in the functioning of the immune system, is a well-controlled process, regulated by a number of independent factors. Among these factors the most important are the class I and II antigens of Major Histocompatibility Complex the presence of which ensures the proper antigen loading. Loss of expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) on tumor cells alters the onset and modulation of immune response through lack of activation on CD4+ lymphocytes. Most leukemia cells use such mechanism to escape immune surveillance. Moreover, in patients with leukemia or lymphoma the expression of HLA-class II molecules correlate with better survival. Here, K562 and HL-60 leukemia cells were examined as to intracellular HLA-DR,- DM,-DO and CD74 expression, if any. Cytoplasmic immunofluorescence of K562 was performed and the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The protein profile was also confirmed at molecular level by RT-PCR analysis. The results presented here showed that despite the negative HLA-DR surface expression, leukemia cells contain intracellular HLA-DR and DM molecules, while constitutively expressing the CD74 antigen and the DOβ chain.
Μελέτη πρωτεϊνών βιοϊατρικού - θεραπευτικού ενδιαφέροντος: μελέτη της αλληλεπίδρασης των πρωτεϊνών HLA-DR και -DO στη δημιουργία συμπλόκου προς διαφυγή της ανοσολογικής επαγρύπνησης σε λευχαιμικά κύτταρα
Περίληψη
Η αντιγονοπαρουσίαση, που αποτελεί κλειδί στη σωστή λειτουργία του ανοσολογικού συστήματος, είναι μια αυστηρά ελεγχόμενη διαδικασία και ρυθμίζεται από πλήθος ανεξάρτητων παραγόντων. Ανάμεσα σε αυτούς τους παράγοντες σημαντική θέση κατέχουν τα τάξης Ι και ΙΙ αντιγόνα του Κυρίου Συμπλόκου Ιστοσυμβατότητας, η παρουσία των οποίων διασφαλίζει τη φόρτωση τους με αντιγονικά πεπτίδια. Η απώλεια των HLA αντιγόνων σε καρκινικά κύτταρα διαταράσσει την έναρξη και τη διατήρηση της ανοσολογικής απόκρισης μέσω πλημμελούς ενεργοποίησης των CD4+ λεμφοκυττάρων. Πολλά λευχαιμικά κύτταρα χρησιμοποιούν τέτοιους μηχανισμούς για να διαφύγουν της ανοσολογικής επαγρύπνησης ενώ επιπλέον σε ασθενείς με λευχαιμία ή λέμφωμα η έκφραση των τάξης ΙΙ μορίων του ΚΣΙ συσχετίζεται με καλύτερη έκβαση και πρόγνωση της ασθένειDouble immunofluorescence experiments revealed the co-localization of all these molecules in endosomal compartments which were identified as late endosomes by the presence of Rab7 protein. To answer the question on how DOβ chain alone could leave ER and enter the endosomal compartments, stable transfectants of K562 with a DOβ-eGFP fusion construct were isolated. Confocal microscope analysis of the trasfectants verified the endosomal localization of the DOβ chain indicating that indeed this molecule can leave ER without the need of DOα chain. In addition, transfectants of K562 with a DOα-dsRED and double tranfectants of K562 with DOαβ were constructed. These manipulations allowed the following up of DO α and β chains without the use of any antibody. We also analyze the antigens profile in K562 and HL-60 cells treated with IFN-γ for 6 hours as well as in K562 cells transfected with a CIITA transcription factor construct. The results showed that both factors can lead HLA-DR to the cell surface. SDS-page analysis followed by western blot assay detected a direct complex formation between HLA-DR/DO. We conclude that leukemia cells despite the absence of any surface class II antigen they contain intracellular HLA-DR molecules which can be transferred to the membrane upon stimulation with IFN-γ. The presence of DOβ chain in the same endosomal compartments with class II molecules provide new insights in the role of HLA-DO in antigen presentation showing that this is a more complicated issue than originally thought. We propose a new mechanism of regulation and maintenance of the negative MHC class II state in leukemia cells where HLA-DR retains in endosomal compartments forming a direct complex with HLA-DO.
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